Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity.
ADHD usually begins in childhood but can persist into adulthood. In adults, symptoms often appear more subtly — for example, as inner restlessness, disorganization, or difficulties with concentration.
If left untreated, ADHD can lead to professional, academic, and social impairments. At the same time, many individuals also possess particular strengths, such as creativity, spontaneity, and high levels of energy.
Symptoms
The symptomatology is divided into three core areas:
Inattention:
Difficulties with concentration
Easy distractibility
Forgetfulness in daily life
Organizational problems
Difficulty completing tasks
Hyperactivity:
Inner or outer restlessness
Strong need for movement
Difficulty sitting still
Excessive talking
Impulsivity:
Impatience
Interrupting others
Acting quickly without thinking
Emotional outbursts
In adulthood, inner restlessness and difficulties with self-organization are often more prominent.
Types
ADHD is divided into three presentation types:
Predominantly Inattentive Type
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type
Combined Type (mixed presentation)
The symptom pattern may change over the course of development.
Causes
The development of ADHD is based on a multifactorial interaction:
Genetic factors (high heritability)
Neurobiological characteristics (dopamine and norepinephrine regulation)
Early childhood influences
Psychosocial stress factors
Parenting style alone does not cause ADHD, but it can influence its course.